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The Congressional-Executive Commission on China was created by Congress in October 2000 with the legislative mandate to monitor human rights and the development of the rule of law in China, and to submit an annual report to the President and the Congress. It consists of nine Senators, nine members of the House of Representatives, and five senior Administration officials appointed by the President. The current Chair is Representative Sander M. Levin (D-MI) and the Co-Chair is Senator Byron L. Dorgan (D-ND).


On behalf of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, we express our most heartfelt condolences to the Chinese people for the terrible loss of life and injury suffered as a result of Monday’s tragic earthquake. Our thoughts and sympathies are with all those who now must endure the pain and heartbreak of losing family and friends. We sincerely hope for the complete success of all rescue efforts, the health and welfare of China’s emergency responders, and the speedy recovery of all those who have been injured. We offer our full support and hope for recovery and healing at this difficult time.

        Sander Levin, Chair                     Byron L. Dorgan, Co-Chair

14 May 2008


More Analysis... Commission Analysis 

Harassment of Beijing-based Activists During the U.S.-China Human Rights Dialogue

According to a May 26 Chinese Human Rights Defenders article and a May 28 Associated Press article, Beijing activists reported they were harassed, subjected to surveillance, and warned not to meet with the U.S. officials present in Beijing for the U.S.-China bilateral human rights dialogue.

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Family Questions Hu Jia's Medical Treatment; CECC Translation of Criminal Judgment

According to a June 13 Chinese Human Rights Defenders article, authorities are reportedly denying imprisoned rights activist Hu Jia access to adequate medical care.

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China Continues to Crack Down on HIV/AIDS Web Sites and Activists

Chinese authorities have made significant progress in their efforts to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS since 2003, but at the same time continue to harass HIV/AIDS advocates.

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Mongolian Rights Advocate Released From Detention, Placed Under House Arrest

Authorities in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have placed Mongolian rights activist and journalist Naranbilig under house arrest after detaining him for 20 days in March and April, according to reports from the U.S.-based Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center.

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Officials To Watch for "Negative Content" in Supplements About Earthquake

Publishing regulators should ensure that magazine or periodical supplements related to the May 12 earthquake do not contain "negative content," according to a May 22 circular issued by the General Administration of Press and Publication, a government agency with the power to screen, censor, and ban any print, electronic, or Internet publication in China.

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North Korea Executes 15 Attempting Escape, China Arrests 40 Refugees

On February 20, North Korean security agents publicly executed 13 women and 2 men in the town of Juwongu in the county of Onseong in North Hamyung province near the border with China, according to unnamed sources cited in a March 10 North Korea Today report.

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China's Earthquake Coverage More Open But Not Uncensored

Numerous reports in foreign media of China's initial response to the May 12 Sichuan earthquake described unusual media openness and government candor when compared to previous disasters.

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Government Grants Exit Visas to Seven North Koreans, Pressures UNHCR in Pre-Olympic Crackdown

The Chinese government authorized exit visas in March for seven members of a group of North Korean refugees known as the "Beijing 17," according to a Voice of America report from March 22.

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Communication Disruptions in Tibetan Areas Impede Flow of Information

Cell phone, landline, and Internet transmissions have reportedly been disrupted in Tibetan areas of western China, according to foreign media, overseas Tibetan groups, and the blog of a noted Tibetan writer in reports from mid-March to late April.

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Zhejiang Court Affirms Lu Gengsong Sentence; CECC Translation of Decision

On April 7, 2008, the Zhejiang Provincial High People's Court affirmed a lower court's decision to sentence freelance writer Lu Gengsong to four years in prison for inciting subversion of state power, a crime under Article 105 of China's Criminal Law. Boxun, a U.S.-based citizen journalist Web site that publishes information and commentary on current events in China, posted a copy of the Zhejiang court's decision, and the Congressional-Executive Commission on China has translated the decision into English.

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Authorities Take Measures To Prevent Pilgrimage to Catholic Shrine

Authorities in Shanghai have implemented measures to prevent Catholic pilgrims from visiting the Marian Shrine of Sheshan during the month of May, according to notices from Chinese government and state-controlled church authorities, as well as reports from overseas media organizations.

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China Commits to "Open Government Information" Effective May 1, 2008

In a move that Chinese officials say is intended to combat corruption, increase public oversight and participation in government, and allow citizens access to government-held information, the State Council on April 5, 2007, issued the first national Regulations on Open Government Information, which take effect May 1, 2008.

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Dalai Lama's Envoys To Begin China Visit on May 3

The Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama announced in a May 2, 2008, press release that the Dalai Lama's Special Envoy Lodi Gyaltsen Gyari and Envoy Kelsang Gyaltsen would arrive in China on May 3 for "informal talks with representatives of the Chinese leadership." The visit comes on the heels of a cascade of Tibetan protests, some violent, that began in Lhasa on March 10 and spread through at least 52 county-level areas of which approximately two-thirds are in officially designated Tibetan autonomous areas of Qinghai, Gansu, and Sichuan provinces.

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Government Official Reaffirms State Controls Over Religion

Ye Xiaowen, Director of the State Administration for Religious Affairs, called for continued controls over religion to meet state goals in a March 13 interview in the Southern Weekend newspaper.

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Wang Zaiqing Presumed Released From Prison, Shi Weihan Detained in Separate Bible-Printing Cases

House church pastor Wang Zaiqing completed his two-year prison sentence for "illegal operation of a business" on April 27 and is presumed to have since been released from prison, according to information from the Congressional-Executive Commission on China Political Prisoner Database.

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Censorship of Internet and Foreign News Broadcasts Following Tibetan Protests

Foreign media in mid-March reported incidents of censorship of the Internet and international news broadcasts in China following Tibetan protests that began on March 10.

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China Blocks Foreign Reporters from Covering Tibetan Protests

Chinese officials have barred foreign journalists from entering large parts of western China to cover recent incidents of Tibetan protest.

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Authorities Block Uighur Protest in Xinjiang, Detain Protesters

Authorities suppressed demonstrations by ethnic Uighurs in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region who gathered on March 23 and 24 to protest human rights abuses, according to reports from U.S. media.

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Beijing Court Sentences Hu Jia to 3 Years 6 Months' Imprisonment

The Beijing Number 1 Intermediate People's Court sentenced activist Hu Jia on April 3 to three and a half years' imprisonment and one year deprivation of political rights for "inciting subversion of state power," according to an April 3 Xinhua article (no longer available via Xinhua, but reprinted via Boxun; shorter English version available via China Daily).

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Land Rights Activist Yang Chunlin Sentenced to Five Years

Yang Chunlin, the land rights activist who organized a petition titled "We Want Human Rights, Not the Olympics," was sentenced to five years in prison on March 24 by the Jiamusi City Intermediate People's Court in Heilongjiang province for "inciting subversion of state power," according to March 24 articles by the Associated Press and Chinese Human Rights Defenders.

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New Internet Regulations Tighten State Control Over Audio and Video Content

New regulations, which went into effect January 31, further tighten the state's control over online audio and video content in China.

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Xinjiang Authorities Pledge Crackdown Against "Three Forces"

Officials in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region renewed a pledge in early March to crack down against the government-designated "three forces" of terrorism, separatism, and religious extremism.

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Foreign Minister "Freedom of Speech" Comments At Odds With Arrests, Detentions

Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said that it is "impossible" for someone in China to be arrested for saying "human rights are more important than the Olympics," a statement that conflicts with the recent arrest, detention, and questioning of a number of Chinese citizens who have publicly criticized China's human rights record in relation to the Olympics.

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House Church Leader Zhou Heng Released From Detention

Authorities in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region released house church leader and bookstore manager Zhou Heng from detention on February 19 after holding him for over six months for alleged involvement in plans to receive and distribute religious literature.

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Party, Government Launch New Security Program, Patriotic Education, in Tibetan Area

Official Chinese Communist Party and government sources in Ganzi (Kardze) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, have published unusually detailed accounts of anti-separatism and patriotic education activity in Ganzi county, and of a pilot security initiative underway in selected villages.

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See also, CECC Analyses of Recent Tibetan Activity.


"Bilingual" Policy Reduces Use of Ethnic Minority Languages in Xinjiang Preschools

A new program in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region strengthens government measures to promote Mandarin Chinese at the preschool level via educational instruction that the government describes as "bilingual" but that places primacy on Mandarin at the expense of ethnic minority languages.

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China's Long-Awaited Action Plan on Trafficking Aims To Provide "Sustainable" Solutions

China's first national plan to combat trafficking of women and children formalizes cooperation among agencies and establishes a national information and reporting system. The State Council's General Office issued China's National Plan of Action on Combating Trafficking in Women and Children (2008-2012) on December 13, 2007.

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Qinghai-Tibet Railway Statistics Add to Confusion, Mask Impact on Local Population

China's state-run media has released additional information about passengers who used the Qinghai-Tibet railway to travel to and from the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) from July 2006 to December 2007, the first 18 months of the railway's operation. Based on CECC analysis of the fragmentary and sometimes contradictory information, more than a half million passengers, most of whom are likely to be ethnic Han, may have traveled during that period to the TAR to seek work, trade, and business opportunities.

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Time Line: Central Government Legislation on Religion

In 2004 the State Council issued the Regulation on Religious Affairs (RRA), marking the first national-level comprehensive regulation on religion. Since then, the government has not issued one consolidated set of implementing provisions, as some observers anticipated, but rather expanded upon specific articles within the RRA by issuing legal measures (banfa) regarding these articles.

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Xinjiang Government Strengthens Campaign Against Political and Religious Publications

Authorities in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region will make "illegal" political and religious publications the focal point of their campaign to "Sweep Away Pornography and Strike Down Illegal Publications," according to a January 18 report from Xinhua.

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Tibetan Abbot Suspected of Link to Posters Sentenced to Three Years' Imprisonment

A court in Ganzi (Kardze) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (TAP), located in Sichuan province, sentenced the abbot (khenpo) of a Tibetan Buddhist monastery on July 16, 2007, to three years' imprisonment for endangering state security with "anti-government propaganda" and by "incitement of [the] masses," according to a February 2, 2008, Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy report.

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Uighur Editor Korash Huseyin's Prison Sentence Expires

Editor Korash Huseyin completed his three-year prison sentence for "dereliction of duty" on February 2 and is presumed to have since been released from prison, according to information from the Congressional-Executive Commission on China Political Prisoner Database.

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Thousands of Chinese Citizens Call for Ratification of ICCPR Before Olympics

More than 14,000 Chinese citizens signed an open letter released to the public on January 1, 2008, urging the Chinese government to ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights before the 2008 Olympics "without reservations," according to a January 1 Radio Free Asia (RFA) article (in Chinese).

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CECC Political Prisoner Data Shows Rise in Tibetan Detentions in 2007

According to information available in the Congressional-Executive Commission on China's Political Prisoner Database as of January 30, 2008, the number of known political detentions of Tibetans in 2007 (24) is greater than the number of such known detentions in 2006 (13) and 2004 (15), is currently the same as the number in 2005, and may surpass the number of known political detentions in 2003 (33) and 2002 (36) as additional information about detentions in 2007 emerges from China.

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Mixed Progress for Olympic Foreign Reporting Regulations One Year Later

A year after China's Regulations on Reporting Activities in China by Foreign Journalists During the Beijing Olympic Games and the Preparatory Period went into effect, a Beijing-based association of foreign journalists noted "improved overall reporting conditions for foreign journalists" but also "hot spots where journalists have experienced repeated violations" of the regulations, according to a January 1 Foreign Correspondents Club of China press release.

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Party Congress Promotes Officials Linked to Harsh Policies Toward Tibetans

The 17th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, concluded on October 21, 2007, resulted in the promotions of two high-ranking Party officials, Zhou Yongkang and Liu Yandong, whose recent posts associate them with harsh policies that contribute to the repression of human rights such as the freedoms of religion and expression, and that undermine ethnic minority rights guaranteed by China's Constitution and system of regional ethnic autonomy.

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Tibetans Appeal Splittism, Espionage Sentences for Horse-Racing Festival Incident

Relatives of four Tibetan men -- two nomads, a monk, and a school teacher -- traveled from a Tibetan area of Sichuan province to the provincial capital, Chengdu city, to submit appeals to the Sichuan High People's Court following the men's sentencing on November 20, 2007, on splittism and espionage charges, according to a December 4 Radio Free Asia report.

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Guo Feixiong Sentenced to Five Years for Illegal Business Operation

A Guangzhou court sentenced rights defender Yang Maodong (who uses the pen name Guo Feixiong) to five years in prison for "illegal operation of a business," a crime under Article 225 of China's Criminal Law, according to a November 16 Guangzhou Daily article (in Chinese, via the Web site of the Guangzhou Municipal People's Government).

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"Green Olympics" Commitments Raise Concerns Over Transparency and Implementation

Beijing's bid in 2000 to host the 2008 Olympics promised a "Green Olympics" and the "greatest Olympic Games environmental legacy ever," yet concerns remain over Beijing's transparency and progress toward fulfilling the specific commitments underlying these promises, especially with regard to air quality.

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Central Propaganda Department Restricts Reporting on Air Quality, Food Safety

The Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party recently issued a notice to Chinese news editors restricting domestic coverage of topics relating to China's hosting of the 2008 Olympics, including air quality and food safety, according to a November 13 South China Morning Post report (subscription required).

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 Announcements / Upcoming Events
Partial List of Political Prisoners Known or Believed to be Detained or Imprisoned in China as of June 26 (734 Cases)

Click here to Search the full CECC Political Prisoner Database of over 4,400 cases

A "political prisoner" is an individual detained for exercising his or her human rights under international law, such as peaceful assembly, freedom of religion, freedom of association, free expression, including the freedom to advocate peaceful social or political change, and to criticize government policy or government officials. (This list of rights is not meant to be exhaustive, just illustrative.) In most cases, prisoners in the CECC Political Prisoner Database (PPD) were detained or imprisoned for attempting to exercise rights guaranteed to them by China’s law and Constitution, or by international law, or both. 


CECC Newsletter: June 2008. Click here to join our mailing list. (May 2008 Newsletter and Archive)
CECC Hearing: What Will Drive China's Future Legal Development? Reports from the Field (6/18/08)

CECC Hearing: The Impact of the 2008 Olympic Games on Human Rights and the Rule of Law in China (2/27/08)

Click here for pdf of full hearing transcript and supporting materials.


CECC Analysis: Tibetan Protests. Chairman Sander Levin's Statement on the Tibetan Protests.

2007 Annual Report

The Congressional-Executive Commission on China released its 2007 Annual Report (text/pdf) on human rights conditions and the development of the rule of law in China on Wednesday, October 10.

Annual Report - General Overview

The Commission observed ongoing human rights abuses and stalled development of the rule of law in China during 2006-2007. The Commission also observed increased repression in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR) and Tibetan Autonomous areas of China, stepped-up harassment of legal advocates, and increased restrictions on Chinese reporters. In addition, across the areas the Commission monitors, the following general themes emerged: (1) Chinese leaders’ increasing intolerance of citizen activism and greater suppression of information on urgent matters of public concern (including food safety, public health, and environmental emergencies); (2) the instrumental use of law for political purposes; (3) the localization of dispute resolution in order to insulate the center from the backlash of national policy failures; and (4) the influence that China's linkages with the rest of the world have had on some aspects of its domestic rule of law and human rights development.

More . . .

Tibet: Special Focus for 2007

Commission Findings and Recommendations on Tibet for 2007

POLITICAL PRISONER UPDATE-CHEN GUANGCHENG

In a July 20, 2007, letter to President Hu Jintao and other senior Chinese leaders, CECC Chairman Sander Levin and Co-Chairman Byron Dorgan urged China's leaders to demonstrate their commitment to criminal justice reform and the rule of law in the case of imprisoned activist Chen Guangcheng. (Read the full text of the letter in English or in Chinese). On Friday, August 24, 2007, Chinese authorities prevented Chen's wife, Yuan Weijing, from traveling abroad to accept a prestigious international human rights award on behalf of her husband.

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Statement for United Nations' Human Rights Day

China Continues To Fall Short of Its Commitment to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

More . . .
 Recent Events

Hearing: What Will Drive China's Future Legal Development? Reports from the Field (6/18/08)

Hearing: The Impact of the 2008 Olympic Games on Human Rights and the Rule of Law in China (2/27/08)

Topic Paper

"China's Household Registration System: Sustained Reform Needed to Protect China's Rural Migrants"

This topic paper is available in:
English - HTML / PDF
Chinese - HTML / PDF

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